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    15 March 2023, Volume 27 Issue 1
    Auction in blockchain: Applications and challenges
    Hongyin CHEN, Yukun CHENG, Xiaotie DENG, Zhanghao YAO
    2023, 27(1):  1-29.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.001
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    Blockchain is an important part of the new generation of information technology. It is a new database software integrated with distributed network, encryption technology, smart contract and other technologies. Over the past decade, blockchain technology has had a wide impact on a global scale. Today's blockchain technology has shifted from its initial focus on the decentralization of cryptocurrency and payment to the decentralization of the market. The emergence of smart contract makes the decentralized finance (De-Fi) based on blockchain technology enter a state of rapid development, and various auction scenarios in the context of blockchain also emerge. From the perspective of mechanism design, this paper is the first to summarize and analyze the auction mechanisms on the blockchain in recent years by taking the transaction fee mechanism, NFT auction and MEV auction as the main objects. In addition, we also highlight the challenges and the open problems of the auction mechanism design, based on the characteristics of blockchain.

    Evolution of management of emergency protective materials for mass panic in the context of public health emergencies
    Min WANG
    2023, 27(1):  30-42.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.002
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    In order to solve the problem of people's panic buying of emergency protection materials in public health emergencies, as well as the derived problems such as imbalance between supply and demand, uneven distribution, skyrocketing price and uneven quality, a game model involving the government, enterprises and the public is constructed based on the evolutionary game theory. Considering the influence of panic emotion on panic buying behavior, the paper first describes the value of people's material purchase under panic emotion. Then, based on the characteristics of the model, the evolution mechanism between different participants is discussed by using the nonlinear system theory, and the equilibrium point and stability of the game under different situations are obtained. Finally, the influence of different panic intensity on the behavior evolution of participants is further analyzed through simulation. The research results can provide some reference for the evolution mechanism of emergency protection material management in public health emergencies.

    SIR type COVID-19 multi-stage optimal control model
    Jintao XU, Wenxun XING
    2023, 27(1):  43-52.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.003
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    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads all over the world, and it makes serious threat to people's health. Being faced with the data of anticipated development of COVID-19, we need to determine the epidemic spreading parameters under limited medical resources to give guidance for implementation intensities of the main epidemic prevention and control measures. In this paper, we describe the development of COVID-19 based on the SIR model. What's more, we propose a multi-stage optimal control model to determine the epidemic spreading parameters. In order to determine the values of parameters efficiently, we construct an SDP approximation model which is a polynomial-time computable problem. Based on the data of COVID-19 published by WHO, we apply our approximation model to obtain the epidemic spreading parameters which describe the development of COVID-19 in the USA within a given period of time, and analyze the epidemic prevention and control strategies.

    Pricing strategies of green supply chain with reference price effect under fairness concerns
    Yan FENG, Xiaoshen LI
    2023, 27(1):  53-69.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.004
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    For a green supply chain, which is composed of a manufacturer and a retailer, three supply chain models of manufacturer equity concern, retailer equity concern and supply chain member equity concern are constructed based on the consumer reference price. The optimal pricing strategy under each model is obtained. The influence of the coefficient of equity concern and the reference price effect on the optimal strategy is analyzed. The results show that the coefficient of equity concern and the reference price effect of consumers change the wholesale price, green level and retail price of products, and have an impact on all members of the supply chain and the whole supply chain system.

    Optimal investment of DC pension plan under a weighted utility and VaR-PI constraint
    Yinghui DONG, Siyuan WEI, Zihan YIN
    2023, 27(1):  70-86.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.005
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    From the dual perspective of the DC pension plan members and the manager, we investigate the asset allocation of a DC pension plan under a VaR-PI constraint by maximizing a weighted utility of the two parties. Assuming that the DC pension plan members and the manager are loss averse and we use two S-shaped utility functions to demonstrate the loss aversion behavior. The VaR constraint and a weighed utility lead to a complex, nonconcave utility maximization problem. We apply the Lagrange duality theory and the concavification technique to derive the optimal wealth and the optimal portfolio processes. Numerical results show that the manager shall take a much riskier portfolio strategy when the benefits of the DC pension plan members are paid much more attention. The VaR constraint can improve the risk management of the DC pension plan.

    Optimality conditions and duality theorems for interval-valued optimization problems with vanishing constraints
    Haijun WANG, Huihui WANG
    2023, 27(1):  87-102.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.006
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    In this paper, a class of nonsmooth interval-valued optimization problem with vanishing constraints (IOPVC) is considered. The necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for LU optimal solution of (IOPVC) are obtained under some constraint qualifications. The weak duality, strong duality and strict converse duality theorems between (IOPVC) and the corresponding Mond-Weir type and Wolfe type dual models are studied. Furthermore, some examples are given to illustrate our results.

    Recurrent neural network dynamic for time-varying convex quadratic programming
    Wudai LIAO, Jun ZHOU
    2023, 27(1):  103-114.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.007
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    When solving a time-varying convex quadratic programming problem online, in order to achieve the requirements of higher error accuracy, shorter solution time and faster convergence speed, this paper designs and constructs an improved zeroing neurodynamic model of the design parameters of the time-varying network. Firstly, the Lyapunov stability theory proves that the network model is globally progressively stable. Subsequently, it is proved that when it uses the Sign-bi-power activation function, it is guaranteed that its solution can converge for a finite time. Finally, in the simulation example, compared with the gradient neural network model and the zeroing neural network model, the zeroing neurodynamics of the time-varying network design parameters is better than the two network models in solving the time-convex quadratic programming problem, with higher error accuracy, shorter solution time and faster convergence speed.

    A branch and bound method for project scheduling problem with activities overlapping
    Jing YU, Zhe XU, Fang XIE
    2023, 27(1):  115-126.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.008
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    In the complex product research and experimental development project, activities overlapping is usually used to shorten project duration. Currently, most methods for resource constrained project scheduling problem with activities overlapping are based on heuristic algorithm. This method has the advantages of fast-speed convergence and large-scale calculation, but cannot obtain the optimal solution. The accurate algorithm is an effective method to solve the optimal solution of the above problem. Therefore, a branch and bound method is designed to obtain the optimal solution according to examine the impact of overlapping activities on project scheduling. Firstly, the optimality of the algorithm is proved in theory. The optimal solution can be obtained only by considering the minimum delay substitution set, and cut set domination rule and left shift domination rule in pruning operation is proved. Secondly, in the algorithm design, the data structure-stack is used to store the node information on the search tree, and for the activities overlapping constraint, a new decision point and a new representation method of the search tree node are defined. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are verified by a large number of instances. In conclusion, the proposed algorithm has high research value with mature theoretical significance and accurate calculation results.

    A new projection and contraction algorithm for solving quasimonotone variational inequalities
    Minglu YE, Huan DENG
    2023, 27(1):  127-137.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.009
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    In 2020, Liu and Yang proposed a projection algorithm (LYA for short) for solving quasi-monotone and Lipschitz continuous variational inequalities problem (VIP for short) in Hilbert space. In this paper, we present a new projection and contraction algorithm (NPCA for short) for solving quasi-monotone VIP in Euclidean space. The new algorithm weakens the Lipschitz continuity of the underlying mapping in LYA. NPCA clusters to the solution of VIP whenever the underlying mapping is continuous, quasi-monotone and the solution set of dual variational inequality is nonempty. The global convergence of NPCA needs an additional assumption about the solution set of VIP. Numerical experiments show that NPCA is more efficient than LYA from the total number of iterative point of view, and the CPU time point of view in high dimensional quasi-monotone VIP.

    Tensor spectral properties of general hypergraphs
    Die WANG, Liying KANG
    2023, 27(1):  138-148.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.010
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    In this paper, we extend the concepts of inverse Perron values to general hypergraphs. We show that a general hypergraph $\mathcal{G}$ is connected if and only if any inverse Perron values is large than 0. We give some bounds on the bipartition width, isoperimetric number, eccentricities and degrees of a hypergraph $\mathcal{G}$ in terms of inverse Perron values. Finally, we obtain that a weakly irreducible, nonnegative, symmetric tensor $A$ is odd-colorable if and only if its Laplacian tensor and the signless Laplacian tensor have the same spectral.

    Neighbor full sum distinguishing total coloring of graphs
    Fuxiang CUI, Chao YANG, Hongbo YE, Bing YAO
    2023, 27(1):  149-158.  doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.01.011
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    Let $f: V(G)\cup E(G)\rightarrow \{1, 2, \cdots, k\}$ be a proper $k$-total coloring of $G$. Set $\phi(x)=f(x)+\sum\limits_{e\ni x}f(e)+\sum\limits_{y\in N(x)}f(y)$, where $N(x)=\{y\in V(G)|xy\in E(G)\}$. If $\phi(u)\neq \phi(v)$ for any edge $uv\in E(G)$, then $f$ is called a $k$-neighbor full sum distinguishing total coloring of $G$. The smallest value $k$ for which $G$ has such a coloring is called the neighbor full sum distinguishing total chromatic number of $G$ and denoted by $ftndi_{\sum}(G)$. In this paper, we obtain this parameter for paths, cycles, stars, wheels, complete bipartite graphs, complete graphs and trees. Meanwhile, we conjecture that the neighbor full sum distinguishing total chromatic number of $G(\neq K_2)$ is not more than $\Delta(G)+2$.