考虑配置储能系统的电动公交充电站充放电调度策略

doi:10.15960/j.cnki.issn.1007-6093.2023.02.006

Abstract

Abstract:

A charging and discharging scheduling strategy for electric bus charging station considering the configuration of energy storage system is proposed to address the management difficulties of high load pressure and high charging operation cost caused by disorderly charging at electric bus charging station. Firstly, a mixed integer programming model is established to minimize the overall daily cost of the charging station and to coordinate the charging of the electric bus and the charging and discharging of the energy storage system. The capacity of energy storage system is optimized and sensitivity analysis is performed. Secondly, the nonlinear charging characteristic of the onboard lithium battery is fully considered and the piecewise linear approximation method is used to describe the charging profile of battery SOC. Finally, model verification and case study are made based on the historical travel and charging records of an electric bus charging station in Chengdu. The findings demonstrate that the suggested charging scheduling strategy can successfully lower the overall cost of the charging station, ease load pressure of the grid, prolong the life of the lithium battery and enhance the economy of bus charging management and power grid stability.

Key words: electric bus, energy storage system, charging station, charging scheduling, nonlinear charging function

CLC Number:

O221.2

Wei XU, Yuefeng HUANG, Caihua CHEN. Charging and discharging scheduling for electric bus charging station with energy storage system[J]. Operations Research Transactions, 2023, 27(2): 95-109.

Figures/Tables 13

符号	含义	符号	含义
决策变量		$ P_{\operatorname{max}} $	电网允许的最大功率
$ d_m(t) \in \{0, 1\} $	公交$ m $在时段$ t $是否充电, 1为充电	$ P^{{\rm{ESS}}, C}_{\operatorname{max}} $	ESS的最大充电功率
$ Ch_m(t) $	公交$ m $在时段$ t $的充电量	$ P^{{\rm{ESS}}, D}_{\operatorname{max}} $	$ \rm ESS $的最大放电功率
$ E_{\rm{cap}}^{{\rm{ESS}}} $	ESS的规划容量	$ \eta_{C} ^ {{\rm{ESS}}} $	ESS的充电效率
$ P^{{\rm{ESS}}, G}(t) $	ESS在时段$ t $向电网放电的功率	$ \eta_{D} ^ {ESS} $	ESS的放电效率
$ P^{{\rm{ESS}}, C}(t) $	ESS在时段$ t $向充电桩放电的功率	$ E^{{\rm{ESS}}}(t) $	ESS在时段$ t $的容量
$ P^{G, {\rm{ESS}}}(t) $	ESS在时段$ t $从电网充电的功率	$ d_{D} $	最大放电深度
$ P^{G, C}(t) $	充电桩在时段$ t $从电网充电的功率	$ \Delta P^{{\rm{ESS}}}(t) $	每个时段的功率变化量
参数与其他变量		$ {\rm{SOC}}_m(t) $	公交$ m $在时段$ t $开始时的SOC水平
$ M $	电动公交集合	$ {\rm{SOC}}_{\operatorname{min}} $	车辆SOC允许的最小值
$ N $	充电桩集合	$ {\rm{SOC}}_{\operatorname{max}} $	车辆SOC允许的最大值
$ T $	时段集合	$ P^{C, EB}(t) $	时段$ t $电动公交的充电功率
$ R $	非线性充电函数割线集合	$ E_{m}(t) $	公交$ m $在时段$ t $的行程能耗
$ m $	电动公交序号	$ u_{m}(t) \in \{0, 1\} $	公交$ m $在时段$ t $的开始充电标志变量
$ t $	时段	$ v_{m}(t) \in \{0, 1\} $	公交$ m $在时段$ t $的结束充电标志变量
$ \Delta t $	时段长度	$ k^r $	充电函数第$ r $段割线的斜率
$ r $	非线性充电函数割线	$ b^r $	充电函数第$ r $段割线的截距
$ \eta_{m} $	公交$ m $的电能转换系数	$ z^r \in \{0, 1\} $	是否满足割线$ r $
$ i $	公交的行程次数	$ h_{m}(t) $	在选定的充电速率下充到当前SOC
$ T_{m, i}^s $	公交$ m $第$ i $次行程的开始时段		需要花费的时间
$ T_{m, i}^e $	公交$ m $第$ i $次行程的结束时段	$ P_{s}(t) $	时段$ t $向电网售电的功率
$ \pi_{b}(t) $	时段$ t $的购电分时电价	$ P_{b}(t) $	时段$ t $从电网购电的功率
$ \pi_{s}(t) $	时段$ t $的售电分时电价	$ \alpha $	贴现率
$ C(t) \in \{0, 1\} $	ESS充电标志变量	$ l $	ESS的寿命周期
$ D(t) \in \{0, 1\} $	ESS放电标志变量	$ \pi_{\rm cap}^{{\rm{ESS}}} $	ESS的单位容量成本

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时段	电价/(元$ \cdot $kW$ \cdot $h$ ^{-1} $)
00:00—8:00	0.327 2
8:00—10:00	0.611 7
12:00—18:00
22:00—24:00
10:00—12:00	1.049
18:00—22:00	1.049

最大充放电功率/kW	充放电效率	最大放电深度/%	单位容量成本/(元$ \cdot $kW$ \cdot $h$ ^{-1} $)
200	0.95	70%	2 000

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Charging and discharging scheduling for electric bus charging station with energy storage system

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