将区块链技术应用到新能源汽车供应链能够在一定程度上解决废旧电池利用率不高和回收难等问题。在这一背景下,本文考虑了由一个投资区块链技术的动力电池供应商、一个普通零件供应商和一个新能源汽车制造商组成的闭环供应链,重点研究系统在动态决策环境下的情形。将区块链技术应用到动力电池的全生命周期追溯过程,刻画了新能源汽车动力电池可追溯水平动态变化的随机演化过程。在动力电池供应商和新能源汽车制造商分别作为回收主体以及两者垂直整合模式下,构建了三个主从随机微分博弈模型。通过求解三个模型下的反馈均衡解,比较了供应链在达到稳态情形下的状态变量、决策变量和反馈利润。最后,结合数值算例检验了新能源汽车闭环供应链在静态和动态下的运营绩效。本文得出的研究结论能够为新能源汽车企业应用区块链技术、回收废旧动力电池和供应链整合提供一定的参考。
The application of blockchain technology in the new energy vehicle supply chain can to a certain extent solve the problems of low utilization rate and difficult recycling of waste power batteries. In this context, this paper considers the dynamic strategy for a new energy vehicle closed-loop supply chain consisting of one power battery supplier, one general component supplier and one manufacturer. In this system, blockchain technology is adopted to trace the lifecycle process management of the power battery. The stochastic evolution process of the traceability level is described to show the dynamic changes of the power battery. For the three cases that the power battery supplier and the manufacturer are respectively responsible for recycling products and the vertical integration of both parties is implemented, we construct the corresponding leader-follower stochastic differential game models. By solving the feedback equilibrium, we compare the state variables, decision variables and feedback profits of the three models when the system reaches the steady situation. Numerical examples are provided to conduct the performance of the supply chain in the unsteady-state and dynamic environments. These findings provide some guides for the new energy vehicle enterprises to adopt the blockchain technology, recycle the waste power batteries and integrate the supply chain.
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