飞机起降调度问题是当前机场运营的重要问题, 调度的一个难点在于调度效率提升需要空管发出大量复杂指令, 导致空管工作量骤升, 超负荷工作易引起人员疲劳产生决策失误和安全隐患。鉴于此构建了单跑道起降调度的多目标混合整数规划模型, 既提升跑道效率又避免过度增加空管工作量。设计了基于秩2矩阵近似的蚁群算法(RMA-AC)求解, 并与CPLEX和经典M-TPLP算法进行对比。数值仿真证实三种方法都优于当前航空系统广泛使用的FCFS算法; 新算法RMA-AC在跑道效率提升方面强于CPLEX, 在控制飞机位置总偏移量方面强于M-TPLP, 实现了平衡跑道效率和空管工作量。这些对于提高机场效率, 降低航空拥堵, 实现安全调度具有积极意义。

The aircraft takeoff/landing scheduling problem is an important problem for current airport operations. One difficulty in scheduling is that improving scheduling efficiency requires air traffic controller to issue more instructions, leading to a sharp increase in air traffic control workload. Overloading work may cause personnel fatigue, decision-making errors, and safety hazards. In view of this situation, a multi-objective mixed integer programming model for single runway takeoff/landing scheduling was constructed, which not only considers improving runway efficiency but also avoids excessively increasing air traffic control workload. The rank 2 matrix approximation based ant colony (RMA-AC) algorithm was designed. In comparison with the classical M-TPLP algorithm and CPLEX optimizer, numerical result validates that all the three methods have better performance than the first come first sever (FCFS) algorithm which is widely used in current aviation system. Specifically, the new algorithm RMA-AC is better than CPLEX for the runway efficiency improvement, and better than M-TPLP for the aircraft position shift control. It balances the runway efficiency and the air traffic controller workload. All these have positive effect on the airport efficiency improvement, delay reduction and safety scheduling.