近年来，突发公共卫生事件频发，社会公众与地方政府相互配合是及时、高效解决突发公共卫生事件的必然选择。本文以全球抗击新冠肺炎疫情为背景，讨论在突发公共卫生事件中社会公众与地方政府之间的博弈关系，基于有限理性假设，构建演化博弈模型，分析博弈双方决策行为的动态调整过程，得到在不同条件下社会公众和地方政府的演化稳定策略。同时，利用MATLAB进行仿真实验，分析在博弈过程中政府的奖惩、上级部门的处罚等主要因素对博弈双方策略选择的影响。研究结果表明，完善相关的补贴政策，普及疫情防控的相关法律法规，加大对社会公众随意流动、违反疫情相关规章制度的惩罚力度，提高对地方政府宽松防疫的处罚等措施可以有效促进社会公众和地方政府之间的相互协作，最终实现共同积极防疫。

With the change of human living environment, public health emergencies occur frequently in recent years. The mutual cooperation between the public and local government is an inevitable choice to deal with the public health emergencies timely and efficiently. Based on the assumption of bounded rationality, this paper discusses the evolution process of the behaviors of the public and local governments, and obtains evolutionarily stable strategies under different conditions. MATLAB is applied for simulation and to analyze how the rewards and the punishments to the public from local governments, the punishments to local governments from the superior departments, and other factors influence the public and local government's strategies. The results in this work show that an effectively promoted mutual cooperation between the public and the government and an active epidemic prevention can be achieved by improving relevant subsidy policies, popularizing epidemic-related laws and regulations, increasing the punishment for violating the epidemic-related rules and regulations, and increasing local government penalties for loosening epidemic prevention.